The alphabet · 27 letters and their sounds

Spanish is phonemic: spelling tells you how to read, the rules are steady and the exceptions are few. So this page is not about memorising 27 letters — it lays out the letter → sound mapping in one place: which letters have a single sound, which depend on what follows, and which are not pronounced at all.

27 letters · 25 have at least one clickable sound · 5 Letters with more than one sound · 1 Silent letters

The 27 letters

The small grey text is the letter's name (what you call it). Click a sound that is a link to open its own page.

Aa
a
casa
Bb
be · be larga
banco
Cc
ce
casa
Dd
de
dan
Ee
e
mesa
Ff
efe
fin
Gg
ge
gato
Hh
hache
hola
Ii
i
silla
Jj
jota
jota
Kk
ka
kilo
Ll
ele
lana
Mm
eme
mano
Nn
ene
no
Ññ
eñe
niño
Oo
o
lomo
Pp
pe
pan
Qq
cu
queso
Rr
erre
pero
Ss
ese
sin
Tt
te
tan
Uu
u
luna
Vv
uve · ve
vaca
Ww
uve doble · doble u
w
whisky
Xx
equis
kssx
taxi
Yy
ye · i griega
yo
Zz
zeta · zeda
zapato

Digraphs: two letters, one sound

These are not letters of the alphabet, so the alphabet alone will not teach them, but they are very frequent. (ch and ll were separate letters until 1994, and many older textbooks still list them that way.)

ch/tʃ/

chico — Unaspirated, unlike the Mandarin ch.

ll/ʝ/

llave — /ʝ/ in most regions (same as y); /ʃ/ in Argentina and Uruguay.

rr/r/

perro — Between vowels only, always trilled; contrasts with single r (pero / perro).

gu/ɡ/

guitarra — gu keeps /ɡ/ before e, i; the u is then silent.

qu/k/

queso — q is always followed by ue / ui, and the u is silent.

ü/w/

pingüino — In güe / güi the ü is pronounced — the opposite of gu.

Every sound on this site

Click a cell to open that sound. Dark cells have their own page.

Where this page comes from

Letter names follow the Real Academia Española's post-2010 standard: be (no longer be larga), uve (no longer ve), ye (no longer i griega). The traditional names are given in brackets as well — many textbooks and teachers still use them, and leaving them out makes students think they are hearing a different letter.

No sound is invented just to make a cell clickable. Spanish does have [ð] (the d in nada), but it is an allophone of /d/, not a separate phoneme. So d is listed with /d/ only, and the allophone is covered on the soft b / d / ɡ page.

w and x have no page of their own (they occur only in loanwords and place names), so those sounds are shown in a grey dashed box and are not links — the page says so plainly rather than offering a link that goes nowhere.

No measurements are reported here. This is an index page; the numbers (durations, voicing rates and so on) live on each sound's own page.