Contracted sounds: two characters, one mora

きゃ, しゃ, ちゃ are two kana on paper but one mora in time. Five minimal pairs show it: りょう (dormitory) vs りよう (use).

The five pairs

Click a cell: A = contracted, B = plain + u.

or use the + on each cell

Minimal pairs in sentences

Two sentences side by side, differing by one sound in the same slot. Tap a card to hear the whole line, tap the highlighted part to hear just that.

Five minimal pairs

The contracted form (left) should be shorter by one mora.

Contracted (1 mora)Plain + u (2 morae)ContractedPlainDiff
りょう / ryouりよう / riyou370 ms510 ms+140 ms
しょう / shouしよう / siyou420 ms520 ms+100 ms
きょう / kyouきよう / kiyou400 ms460 ms+60 ms
じゅう / juuじゆう / jiyuu340 ms520 ms+180 ms
ひょう / hyouひよう / hiyou360 ms410 ms+50 ms

How to practise

Where these numbers come from

Same voice and rate; duration of the speech span. The difference is plain minus contracted, roughly one mora.

Synthesis rate is an engine value; compare the difference.