Geminates: the held beat

The small っ is silent but takes a full mora of closure.

The five pairs

Click a cell: A = plain, B = geminate.

or use the + on each cell

Minimal pairs in sentences

Two sentences side by side, differing by one sound in the same slot. Tap a card to hear the whole line, tap the highlighted part to hear just that.

Five minimal pairs

Ratio = geminate ÷ short.

ShortLongShortLongRatio
きて / kiteきって / kitte380 ms590 ms1.55×
いた / itaいった / itta360 ms500 ms1.39×
おと / otoおっと / otto390 ms520 ms1.33×
かこ / kakoかっこ / kakko370 ms500 ms1.35×
まち / machiマッチ / macchi460 ms570 ms1.24×

How to practise

Where these numbers come from

Same voice and rate; ratio of speech-span durations.

The closure is near-silence and counts into the span.