The kana chart · every character is one mora

Japanese writes sound with kana, not with a phonetic alphabet. The 46 basic kana form a 5-column × 10-row grid: the row sets the consonant, the column sets the vowel. Click any cell to hear it alone.

46 kana · 10 rows · 5 columns · 1 mora per cell

The 46 basic kana

Read across a row to keep the consonant; read down a column to keep the vowel. Blank cells are sounds Japanese does not have.

row \ column
あ段
い段
う段
え段
お段
あ行
か行
さ行
た行
な行
は行
ま行
や行
ら行
わ行
syllabic n · ん belongs to no row: it is a mora of its own, and its sound changes with what follows.

Four that break the romanisation

Romanisation is a transliteration, not English spelling.

しshi

not 'si'; closer to Mandarin xi, but shorter

ちchi

closer to Mandarin q, without the retroflex

つtsu

like Mandarin c plus a very light u

ふfu

bilabial [ɸ], not the English labiodental f

Why every character is one mora

Japanese counts time in morae, not syllables. Each kana is one mora, and the relative length of morae stays constant at any speaking rate — that is where the rhythm comes from.

A contracted sound (きゃ, しゃ, ちゃ…) is two characters but one mora; っ, ー and ん each take a full mora.

How to use this page

Where the numbers come from

The chart, romanisation and mora counts all come from one table in 50_ja_mora.py; audio is synthesised per character with ja-JP-NanamiNeural. Nothing is hard-coded.

Isolated synthesis demonstrates the sound only, not natural sentence pitch.